The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded its Part 2 Risk Evaluation for Asbestos under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Released on 3 December 2024, the evaluation highlights the unreasonable health risks posed by asbestos, particularly from legacy uses and associated disposals. Key findings reveal significant exposure risks to workers, first responders, and individuals near demolition sites, necessitating regulatory action to mitigate these hazards.
Understanding Asbestos and Its Risks
Asbestos, a fibrous mineral historically used in construction and various industrial applications, poses severe health risks when disturbed. Inhalation of airborne fibers can cause diseases such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung, ovarian, and laryngeal cancers.
Legacy uses, where asbestos remains in older materials like insulation, tiles, and pipe wraps, contribute heavily to these risks. Although its use has diminished, materials containing asbestos remain present in older structures, creating exposure risks during demolition or renovation.
EPA's Evaluation and Key Findings
This evaluation, a supplement to the 2020 Part 1 Risk Evaluation, addressed previously excluded legacy uses and associated disposals of six asbestos fiber types. It found substantial risks for workers handling or disturbing asbestos and their families exposed via contaminated clothing. It also highlighted dangers to first responders and DIY enthusiasts engaging in renovations.
Notably, the EPA ruled out significant risks to individuals where asbestos-containing materials remain undisturbed. The agency did not evaluate trace amounts of asbestos in non-TSCA-regulated products like certain talc-containing cosmetics.
Regulatory and Risk Management Implications
Under TSCA Section 6, the EPA must propose measures to eliminate identified risks. Options may include labelling, usage restrictions, or outright bans on specific asbestos uses. Public comments will shape the final regulatory actions.
Broader Impact and Next Steps
The findings underscore the need for comprehensive safety measures in industries and communities. The EPA’s upcoming regulations aim to mitigate exposure, safeguarding vulnerable populations such as construction workers and first responders.
