The UK Government is consulting on a proposal to tighten the phasedown of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the F gas Regulation. The plan would significantly cut the quantity of HFCs placed on the market in Great Britain, reducing them by 98.6 percent by 2048 compared to the 2015 to 2019 baseline. This goes beyond the current target of a 79 percent reduction by 2030 and aims to help meet international climate commitments under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
New Targets Begin in 2027 with Deeper Reductions
If adopted, the revised phasedown would start in 2027 and introduce further step reductions through to 2050. The Government’s preferred option, described as a high ambition pathway, would reduce HFCs to 4.8 percent of baseline levels by 2036. This exceeds the UK’s commitment to reduce HFC production and consumption by 85 percent under the Kigali Amendment.
Between 2027 and 2050, the proposal is expected to prevent 46.1 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions. During the key appraisal period from 2027 to 2036, savings would total 17.6 million tonnes. These environmental gains come with a strong economic case: projected societal benefits from carbon savings are valued at over £1.2 billion, while estimated transition costs to industry are around £83 million.
Balancing Climate Ambition with Industrial Practicality
The proposal has been shaped to reflect specific conditions in the UK market. In contrast to the EU, where air conditioning is a major driver of HFC demand, the UK has placed greater emphasis on rolling out heat pumps. Early steep reductions could disrupt this transition. The UK’s plan offers greater flexibility in the initial years to support industry while still delivering deep cuts over time.
The current quota system for allocating and authorising HFCs will remain in place. However, the reduced availability of quota is expected to push market prices higher, creating stronger incentives for innovation and the adoption of low global warming potential (GWP) alternatives. These include hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), natural refrigerants, and other technologies that offer similar performance with far lower climate impact.
Meeting Net Zero and Global Climate Obligations
The proposed reform supports three main policy goals:
- Delivery of the UK’s Net Zero commitments by 2050
- Fulfilment of international obligations under the Montreal Protocol
- Flexibility to support critical uses, such as in medical devices and energy infrastructure
Although the UK is currently ahead of the Kigali schedule, projections show that without reform, the country risks falling short of its 2036 target. This proposal ensures the phasedown remains effective and relevant in the years ahead.
Next Steps and Industry Engagement
The consultation is open until 17 December 2025. Stakeholders across manufacturing, energy, HVAC, and healthcare are encouraged to respond. Their input will help finalise the new phasedown schedule and refine the assumptions that underpin its design.
A legislative package based on the outcome of the consultation is expected in 2026.
