In a landmark move aimed at preserving biodiversity, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has introduced stringent mitigation measures for the use of three widely-used insecticides: chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion. These measures are designed to protect endangered species and their critical habitats from the adverse effects of these chemicals.
At the heart of the EPA's initiative are revised pesticide labelling requirements and the release of Endangered Species Protection Bulletins. These bulletins outline specific geographical limitations on the use of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion, targeting the preservation of federally listed species and their habitats.
The Chemicals in Focus
Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion belong to the organophosphate class of insecticides, commonly deployed against a variety of foliage and soil pests. Chlorpyrifos is utilized in agriculture and for non-food purposes like turf management and wood treatment, whereas diazinon finds its application in fruit and vegetable cultivation and livestock care. Malathion is critical for controlling pests in food production and residential settings, including mosquito management, which is crucial for preventing mosquito-borne illnesses exacerbated by climate change.
Collaborative Efforts for Conservation
Following comprehensive evaluations, the EPA, in consultation with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), determined that the current applications of these insecticides pose a risk to several endangered species. A subsequent "no jeopardy" Biological Opinion (BiOp) was issued by NMFS in June 2022, mandating the amendment of product labels to include measures mitigating runoff and spray drift into sensitive habitats.
The Endangered Species Protection Bulletins, accessible via the Bulletins Live! Two website, specify restrictions on pesticide application, including timing and tank mixing constraints. Additional precautions, such as wind speed limitations and buffer zones around application areas, are tailored to each insecticide, aiming to minimize environmental impact.
Forward Steps
EPA has received and approved label amendments from pesticide registrants, incorporating guidelines on ecological incident reporting. These updated labels, featuring amended guidance, will be introduced in product packaging within the next year, accompanied by a provision for existing stock.
Currently, label approvals have been granted for non-food uses of chlorpyrifos, with food-related label updates expected by August 2024. This timeline accommodates the EPA's phased cancellation of chlorpyrifos for food crops, excluding 11 specified food crops outlined in the 2020 Proposed Interim Decision.
Ongoing Review and Future Actions
The EPA continues its registration review of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion, with decisions and proposals scheduled through 2025 and 2026. These efforts underscore the EPA's commitment to environmental stewardship and public health, ensuring pesticide use does not compromise the wellbeing of endangered species or their ecosystems.
