European Economic Area
Trifluoroacetic Acid Levels Surge In German Trees
A comprehensive long-term study by the Umweltbundesamt has revealed a sharp rise in trifluoroacetic acid levels in German tree species, pointing to increased atmospheric deposition linked to PFAS degradation. The findings inform EU regulatory discussions under REACH and signal a pressing need for manufacturers to anticipate stricter PFAS controls and evaluate safer alternatives.
Published in April 2025. Dates, deadlines and stages may have changed since.
Dr Steven Brennan
2 min readAI-drafted, expert reviewed
A landmark study by the Umweltbundesamt reveals a sustained increase in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) levels in trees across Germany from 1985 to 2022, raising concerns about long-term PFAS pollution. The findings strengthen calls for stricter PFAS regulation under the EU REACH framework and urge manufacturers to reassess chemical use and compliance strategies.
Long-Term Tree Study Uncovers Rising TFA Trends
Researchers analysed archived samples of leaves and needles from four native German tree species—European beech, Lombardy poplar, Scots pine, and Norway spruce—spanning nearly four decades. Using advanced ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, the study revealed significant increases in TFA concentrations, indicating a persistent rise in atmospheric deposition.
In one example, TFA levels in Lombardy poplar rose five-fold between 1991 and 2020. Similarly, Norway spruce samples recorded a sixteen-fold increase from 1985 to 2021. The consistent trends across multiple locations suggest widespread environmental exposure, regardless of local PFAS sources.
TFA: A Persistent PFAS Degradation Product
Trifluoroacetic acid forms through the environmental breakdown of various fluorinated chemicals, including refrigerants and propellants. It is highly mobile, resistant to natural degradation, and increasingly found in water and soil. Although not directly regulated, TFA is seen as an environmental marker for the broader impact of PFAS use.
The study highlights TFA’s accumulation even in remote ecosystems, suggesting long-range transport and deposition—a troubling sign for environmental resilience and human health.
These findings have been submitted to support the European Chemicals Agency’s current review of PFAS restrictions under REACH.
Official source
gov.ukTopics
Questions about this change
What is trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and why is it a concern?
TFA is a stable, water-soluble breakdown product of certain PFAS compounds. Due to its persistence and mobility, it accumulates in ecosystems and potentially drinking water, raising regulatory and environmental concerns across Europe.
How was the rise in trifluoroacetic acid levels in trees measured?
The study used archived leaf and needle samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank, analysing TFA concentrations via ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples spanned from 1985 to 2022, covering multiple tree species and regions across Germany, ensuring robust, long-term environmental trend data.
Dr Steven Brennan
CEO and co-founder of Foresight, and a co-opted member of ECHA's Committee for Socio-economic Analysis. He holds a PhD in chemical engineering.
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