The UK Environment Agency has published a major flame retardant scoping review, identifying 124 substances currently used in Great Britain that may pose environmental or human health risks. Released in June 2025, the review supports the development of a targeted regulatory strategy under UK REACH, with implications for manufacturers, importers, and downstream users across multiple sectors.
Regulatory focus sharpens on high-risk flame retardants
The scoping exercise, commissioned by the Chief Scientist’s Group, evaluates flame retardants (FRs) based on hazard profiles, use volumes, and potential exposure. Of the 124 FRs assessed, approximately one-third exhibit at least two critical hazard indicators, including persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and endocrine disruption. Substances with the highest risk scores were often organophosphorus-based and commonly used in flame-retarded textiles, coatings, and plastics.
Notably, 73 substances are already registered under UK REACH, while another 51 have been flagged via Downstream User Import Notifications (DUINs), with registration deadlines approaching from October 2026.
Flame retardant use widespread in consumer and industrial goods
FRs are embedded in a broad range of products, from furniture and textiles to electronics, sealants, and construction materials. The report shows 78% of substances are used in plastics, 71% in coatings, and 60% in textiles. Such widespread use increases the likelihood of environmental release and exposure, particularly near manufacturing sites.
Industrial-scale application of FRs to textiles emerged as a priority concern, with local-scale environmental modelling indicating higher risk levels compared to other uses.
Implications for compliance and product stewardship
With UK REACH deadlines set to phase in over the next five years, affected businesses must prepare for evolving registration, substitution, and monitoring requirements. The report suggests further engagement with stakeholders and enhanced environmental monitoring will be key to informing risk management.
Given increasing alignment with EU regulatory strategies and international POPs frameworks, firms operating across borders should expect intensified scrutiny and possible restrictions on selected FRs.
