The European Commission is currently reviewing an important initiative concerning the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, specifically focusing on the exemption for cadmium in quantum dots used in LED applications. This initiative is a part of the ongoing efforts to adapt to technical and scientific progress under Directive 2011/65/EU, commonly known as the RoHS Directive.
Commission Adoption and Background
The Commission has opened a feedback period from 18 December 2023, to 15 January 2024, inviting stakeholders to contribute their views on this draft act.
Under EU regulations, the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment is restricted. However, businesses can request exemptions where no viable alternatives exist. The current proposal follows the assessment of three exemption requests for the use of cadmium in quantum dots in LED lighting and displays, aiming to amend the list of restricted substances in Annex III to Directive 2011/65/EU.
The Technical Context
Quantum dots, particularly those based on cadmium selenide or cadmium sulphide, are used in materials that convert LED light into narrow emission spectra. These materials are critical for achieving higher energy efficiencies in LED applications. The exemption requests concern cadmium-based quantum dots in both display and lighting applications, with a focus on minimising the environmental impact while maintaining the technological advantages.
Stakeholder Feedback
LightingEurope, a business association from Belgium, welcomed the clarity brought by this decision. The association noted the proposal to grant an exemption for the use of cadmium in luminescent material for on-chip application on LED semiconductor chips, emphasising the significance of this development for the market.
The Commission's evaluation, involving studies and stakeholder consultations, concluded that while alternatives exist for many LED applications, specific display technologies like micro displays currently lack reliable cadmium-free alternatives. Therefore, exemptions are considered for these specific applications to balance environmental protection and technological progress.
Proposed Amendments
The draft act proposes to limit the scope of exemptions to applications where no viable alternatives exist and to set maximum concentration limits for cadmium per device to ensure environmental safety. The Commission aims to strike a balance between encouraging innovation and minimising the presence of hazardous substances in electronic products.
The Commission's initiative highlights the complex interplay between technological advancement, environmental protection, and health concerns in the electronics industry. As the feedback period progresses, the Commission will continue to gather insights to finalise the directive, ensuring that the amendment aligns with both the environmental goals and the needs of the industry.
